UK Protection of Interest of the Rights Holders

UK Protection of Interest of the Rights Holders Presentation In the seventeenth century, the monetary speculations of distributers and print machine where undermined by unlicensed copyist who were associated with unapproved printings and multiplication of copyrighted material.[1] around then, the precedent-based law cures were in successful making the distributers to work futile. The presentation of the 1709 Statute of Anne put a milestone in the assurance of copyright in artistic works as legal imposing business models and guidelines, giving the writers restrictive rights and used to control the circulation of books by publishers.[2] The demonstration gave a copyright which kept going to 14 years and if the writer were as yet alive during the time of its expiry, the correct will be come back to him for an additional 14 years, giving an aggregate of a 28-year period.[3] The law on copyright began to create and included things like figures, etchings and some others. The law of licensed innovation (IP) has been firmly connected with monetary turn of events and advancement. The instance of Donaldson v Beckett built up that copyright is considered to have a double purpose.[4] The primary reason for existing is to secure the enthusiasm of the correct holders so they are urged to distribute their works and make gains from it. The subsequent reason for existing is to support inventiveness and advancement and the sharing of information with the goal that general society can approach copyrighted work for learning purposes. As copyright built up a key issue emerged which is requirement for officials to find some kind of harmony between the security of the enthusiasm of the correct holders and the advancement of development and innovativeness of the general population on the loose. Assembly has endeavored to accomplish a decent equalization as the size of the rule has expanded throughout the years. The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA), is th e current demonstration which endeavors to make the parity. These gatherings of clashing interest contend that its advantage ought to be organized by the legitimate structure yet governing body ought not organize any enthusiasm to accomplish a reasonable system.[5] This paper will talk about the current circumstance on how the UK accomplishes a compelling harmony between the assurance of enthusiasm of the rights holders and the empowering of development and imagination, by utilizing the extent of copyright to discover how it is important for monetary development. It will see issue concerning the span of copyright in UK. At long last, this paper investigates resistance of reasonable dealings in the UK and looks at it to reasonable use in US. This article reasons that the law on copyright doesn't make a successful harmony between the intrigue or the correct holders and the support of advancement and inventiveness. Extent OF COPYRIGHT Lessig characterizes the extent of copyright as the scope of rights allowed by the law.[6] The law of copyright has extended and attempted to adjust on account of advancement in innovation. In present day times, the law on copyright doesn't just cover distributing, printing of an imaginative work it stretches out to subordinate works and all the means recently taken by taken by creators to ensure their works have been abrogated by the standard that impressive creators to acknowledge the assurance offered by the law.[7]ã‚â Copyright work covers a wide scope of materials and yield and doesn't require any type of enrollment like licenses or plans. To represent the degree to which copyright goes, on account of Elanco v Mandops, the court built up that the mark with guidelines on a barrel of herbicide is a scholarly work that is liable to copyright.[8]ã‚â The law attempts to make a parity by making arrangements for satisfactory security and sufficient access. The possibility of this parity started from the 1709 Statute of Anne where it was built up that the reason for the demonstration was for the Encouragement of Learning, by Vesting the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of such Copies.[9] It was additionally settled in the 1774 instance of Donaldson v Beckett, where it considered the to be of copyright as unmistakable from conventional types of property for the most part due to its basic social function.[10] Copyright work should be open and this can be clarified in the accompanying manners as the advancement of human culture depends on inference of crafted by others. In the first place, the open needs to approach copyright work with the goal that they can get to the thoughts of the works. The utilization of the thought is liberated from copyright encroachment if the client won't duplicate the outflow of the thought for the creator. Second, general society includes two gatherings of individuals, which are the clients who utilize the wo rk as a wellspring of learning and the potential creators who get thoughts from them. In the event that crafted by the creator are not accessible, he will get financial prizes without adding to the general public and obstructing monetary development.[11] The assurance of copyrights of the correct holder depends on the fundamental thought of for what reason should somebody receive rewards from crafted by another. Copyright has been firmly connected with the financial standard of restraining infrastructure, it is frequently scrutinized to be destructive to the open enthusiasm for a free and open rivalry. They guarantee that it will enable monopolist to expand the costs and they will make it hard for these rights to be gotten to. Followers of this guideline of imposing business model have recommended that the restraining infrastructure exists in a transitory structure to makers and trend-setters, and it boosts for innovativeness through the proposal of time constrained on inventive venture and financial rewards.[12] In a framework with poor IP rules where purchasers can utilize merchandise without paying for them, nobody will need to put resources into advancement as it will put them at a serious inconvenience and the yield of helpful w orks will begin to reduce negatively affecting the information base of the general public. THE DURATION OF COPYRIGHT In considering the degree to which the UKs law accomplishes an equalization in copyright law, the term of the law is a significant factor to be thought of. It is significant on the grounds that it decides when the work will be available to the open space, if the term of copyright is too short it will negatively affect the correct holders as they won't be inspired to make works when they can't harvest the benefits.[13] The span of copyright has been disputable and there have been banters on the subject of to what extent copyright ought to last.[14] In the CDPA 1988, the length of copyright is the existence time of the creator with an extra 70 years for scholarly works. The length was at first lower by 20 years which was contended to be more than sufficient. The topic of why the copyright law has given such broadened time period was replied in 1991 by The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and it was likewise recommended regarding a potential Protocol to the Berne Convention. The support for length of copyright here was expressed in the Preamble to the draft Directive saying: The Commission focuses on the need to orchestrate copyright and neighboring rights at an elevated level of insurance since these rights are essential to scholarly creation and their security guarantees the upkeep and advancement of inventiveness in light of a legitimate concern for creators, social ventures, purchasers and society as a whole.[15] The assurance accommodated creators is of positive worth yet by furnishing them with interminable restraining infrastructure rights is impeding to the security of the benefit of the public.[16] It can be contended that there was at one time an equalization in 1790, where the Congress passed the main copyright law that was accessible for a long time and sustainable for an additional 14 years for works they needed. The institution of the new law has made the open space be dissolved as opposed to enriched.[17] The expansion in the span has caused a decrease in the innovativeness and causes issues that are unsafe to its own motivation and government assistance. From the financial point of view, expanded times of copyright will achieve an expansion expenses to the customers by the extra installment and the expense of collection.[18] It can likewise be contended this all-inclusive periods for copyright are not important to secure the business misuse of fills in as they are quickly abused, they might be offered to pick up some portion of increase from part of the royalties.[19] The length of copyright terms has denied people in general of inventive motivation and puts the general population at a misfortune, which is something contrary to an inspiration for additional creation. With the circumstance in the UK it has become evident that the enduring copyright is can't work for the general population, which is its primary goal. Reasonable DEALINGS Since the presentation of Copyrights Act in 1911, there have been diverse legal safeguards that have been existing corresponding to copyright encroachment, and reasonable managing is the most significant of all. Reasonable managing in the UK is like the Fair use in USA. Reasonable dealings have been perceived by case law preceding the 1911 Act, which attempts to find some kind of harmony between the enthusiasm of the correct holder and enthusiasm of the client for consolation of development and innovativeness. This was upheld in the Governments Green Paper which expressed that: These special cases are of clear significance in that they try to build up an appropriate harmony between the genuine interests of copyright proprietors and the real wants of clients of copyright material. [20] It covers three principle zones which incorporate private investigation and exploration, survey and analysis and news revealing. Reasonable dealings for examination and private investigation can be found in s29 of the Act. On the off chance that the applicable conditions are met there will be no encroachment of copyright with the end goal of examination. The standard reasonable managing likewise applies to sensational, scholarly, melodic or imaginative works for research purposes yet there must be no business profit by it. A case of this is the situation of Green Amps, where the High Court concluded that there was a penetrate of the non-business limitation

Analysis Of Carol Dweck s Mindset I Learned About Fixed Mindset And Growth Mindset Essay Example For Students

Examination Of Carol Dweck s Mindset I Learned About Fixed Mindset And Growth Mindset Essay For an incredible duration I have consistently drifted through everything that I have ever done. At the point when it came to class you could depict me as a normal understudy when contrasted with my companions, I generally did the absolute minimum that I expected to pass, when it came to outside of school it was something very similar at whatever point my mother or father instructed me to accomplish something I generally to invest at all measure of energy to achieve it and held up to the last moment to begin doing it. At the point when I read Carol Dweck’s Mindset I found out about fixed attitude and development outlook, Dweck clarified fixed outlook is the point at which an individual sets himself up for disappointment intellectually, they generally figure they wont add up to anything so they simply quit attempting; while development mentality is the specific inverse of a fixed outlook, they attempt to learn as much as could reasonably be expected, they never falter before an ything and consistently accept they can achieve anything (57). In the wake of perusing the book I was to ready to immediately perceive that I was a person with a fixed attitude all through my essential instruction and life like how Dweck depicted (57). Glancing back at the initial three years of primary school I performed over a portion of my colleagues, I could have even had a development attitude during that time as I had quite recently moved to the United States from Mexico three years earlier. I still didn’t comprehend the language, so I needed to become familiar with the most I could. I would consistently lift my hand to pose inquiries about something I didn t know and I didn t care about people's opinion of me, I was there to learn and better myself. Each time I returned home the main thing I could possibly do was to go to my room and finish my schoolwork, however it wasn’t until I was in fourth grade that my development attitude progressed into a fixed mindset.My fixed mentality began b. . instruction so you folks can find a lucrative line of work with the goal that you wear t need to work like this for the remainder of your lives. When I returned home I enlisted into Lone Star North Harris to proceed with my instruction. I currently study to learn and better myself rather than simply acing the test (Dweck 61). I currently realize that my perspective like this was a direct result of my fixed outlook, the issue before me wasn’t my companions or my kin it was my doltish perspective and the manner in which I put myself down. On the off chance that I had a development outlook during those occasions I presumably would have concentrated until I could get everything and would be wise to grades. I would have really delighted in center school as opposed to worrying about futile thing that I truly shouldn’t have thought about. I shouldn t have minded people's opinion of me rather I ought to have quite recently attempted to better myself to as well as could be expected.

Water David Foster Wallace Essay Sample

Water David Foster Wallace Essay Sample This Is Water David Foster Wallace Summary and Analysis ‘This is water’ by David Foster Wallace is an essay derived from his Kenyon College Commencement Speech for graduating class of 2005 that is often considered to be one of the most powerful commencement speeches of all time. He gave a public talk on his views on life and addressed the graduates in a funny, truthful, friendly, and warm manner and spoke about important things such as the difficulty of empathy, the essential loneliness of an adult life, and the importance of being well-adjusted. David Foster Wallace shared his thoughts on how to live a compassionate life with people who were twice younger than him, but he really spoke on their level. Many people consider that David Foster Wallace’s ‘This is water’ is a practical guide on how to live a good life. In his unique and persuasive commencement speech ‘This is water’, David Foster Wallace, an American essayist, a philosophical novelist, and college professor, spoke about the barriers to empathy in adult life, and the true meaning of freedom. He addressed the Kenyon grads to describe the everyday difficulties of grown-up American life. He begged his young audience to fight hard to be conscious and vigilant in their adult life. David Foster Wallace also persuaded young people to stay alert and control what they think and how they construct meaning from their experience. More free time? Better grade? Click on this button nowOrder Now The main argument of Wallace’s commencement address is that the main goal of any education, and undergraduate education, in particular, is free will. He explains that the greatest benefit of education is the ability to be conscious and aware of choosing what to pay attention to and how to learn from experience. Free will of education means to have the perfect understanding that educated people understand how to think. The writer used logical and emotional appeals to argue on the importance of critical thinking. He argues that everyone has the choice to think critically and should make that choice to live a happy life. Wallace used negative words to describe the tediousness of everyday life and to stress that unconscious people live awful life. Besides, he refers to suicide and argues that unconscious thinking can lead to death. The larger part of his address is advice on how to be happy. David Foster Wallace argues that if you have reached the ultimate goal of education â€" that is you have learned how to think, then you will have exceptional freedom. Wallace believes that real freedom has nothing to do with personal pleasure but it involves attention to other people, and the ability to sacrifice for them. According to Wallace, freedom means choosing to be a good person every day. David Foster Wallace as a writer was exceptional in many ways â€" in the affection of his readers, in his achievements and ambitions. But what distinguished him from the others was his unfashionable style of Americanness. He presented himself as a sensitive man who disagrees with stupid commercial society. David Foster Wallace was a talented writer with his own style â€" his fiction was full of irony, he incorporated jargon and self-generated abbreviations and acronyms. He liked to use explanatory endnotes and footnotes which were often as large as the proper text. His writings were meant for overeducated American college graduates who were walking in slow steps towards adulthood, desperate for faith and lacking meaning. David Foster Wallace’s ‘This is water’ has become one of the most famous philosophical pieces of writing in the 21st century and Wallace himself is considered to be one of the most revered American writers.

Lehman Brothers Business And Bankrupts Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2045 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Banking Essay Study Essay Did you like this example? Henry Lehman started his business with the small general strore in Montgomer, Newyork in 1884.After 6years his business was joined by their brothers Emanuel and Mayer and they named the business as LEHMAN BROTHERS, founded in 1850.They became broker of trading the cotton as it was the major cash crop at that time in the Alabama. EXPANSION OF BUSINESS (1860-1869) There was a civil war in 1862,which disturped the Lehman business the firm teamed up with cotton merchant named John Durr to form Lehman Durr Co. After the end of civil war there was a rapid growth in infrastructure like road, rail tracks and etc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Lehman Brothers Business And Bankrupts Example For Free" essay for you Create order in US economy. At that time Kuhn, Loeb were the major underwriting of the financing for railroad construction. Rail road bond represented a significant advance in development of capital markets, their affordable price attracted a great number of investor and Lehman brother recognizing a trend they also themselves in and they start dealing with securities . So it was the turning point of Lehman in the area of financial advisory. IN THE YEAR 1880-1889 Now they expanded their business from financial advisory to merchant banking they became the member of NYSE in 1887 . they went Japan Europe globally after acquiring the seat on NYSE. FINANCIER OF EMERGING RETAILERS 1900-1909 They lend the money to emerging retailers like Roebuck co. F.W.Woolworth co.and etc. and also it helps Lehman to cover market share. FOCUS ON CONSUMER INDUSTRIES (1920-1929) In 1920 Robert Lehman perceived dynamic changes occurring in the nation economy and focused the co. on consumer industries li ke retailing, airlines , communication. From the beginning they were the supporter of entertainment sectors. They started up venture with film studios RKO, Paramount, FOX, benefited from financing arranged by the firm. They were arranging loans between blue chip borrowers and private lenders. These loans also provide to safeguard solid returns for lender while enabling the borrowers to raise much needed capital. FUNDING CAPITAL (1930-39) Lehman brother underwrite IPO for DUMONT the first TV manufacturer helped fund the Radio Corporation of America known as RCA (RCA was an electronic co.) Start up financing IPO underwriting (1950-59) It was boom period for electronics business in the US economy and there were number of upcoming companies it gives the opportunity for Lehman brothers to arrange start up financing for co. like Litton industries. They also provided underwriting for industry Pioneer Digital Equipment. The firm later arranged the acquisition digital equipm ent by Compaq. Company like General foods, Campbell Soup Phillip Morris went to Lehman help for finance growth necessary to satisfy borrowing demand for third product.(General food Corporation was acquired by Phillip Morris co. now Atria Group Inc. Phillip Morris is one of the world largest tobacoo corporation. Works with the leading players (1960-1979) They were having their clients in overseas also to meet their financial need they opened up new office in Paris 1960, London (1972) Tokyo by 1973.they worked with IBM, Loral, DEC, . It acquired Abraham co. in 1975. Amex acquires Lehman Brother in 1980-1989 TITLE OF THE CASE STUDY : SHORTFALL OF LEHMAN BROTHER Lehman brother has gone to final stage bankruptcy in year 2008 of 15 September when there was recession in whole world. They were having $639 billion of assets and $ 619 billoin debt. Lehman was the fourth largest U.S investment bank. Lehman was the biggest victim of the US subprime mortgage. As they were bankrupt, it leads to financial crisis globally .Lehman collapse was a seminal event which contributed to fall of market capitalization close to $10 trillion in the global equity market the biggest monthly decline. CAUSES FOR THEIR FALL DOWN : In 2004 Lehman acquired five mortgage lenders including lender like BNC mortgage and Aurora Loan services which specialised in ALT A loans .They acquisition seems to be impressive as they earned revenues from Lehman real estate business. They earned record profit of $4.2 billion on revenue of $19.3 billion. NOTE: ALT A: It means that without proper documentation the lender provides loans to borrower. In the month of Aug 2007 their stock fell sharply due to credit crisis, which make them to close BNC unit also ALT A offices in three states. Lehman underwrote more mortgaged backed securities than any other firm of $85 billion, which was 4 times of shareholder equity .Due to this portfolio the global equity market reached new height whi ch lead to staged temporary rebound .They were not in position to trim this massive portfolio. There was high degree of leverage that is total assets to shareholder equity it huge portfolio of mortgage securities which create market in vulnerable condition, which causes them their stock fell as much 48%.It was 24:1 in 2003 to 31:1 by 2007.While generating profit during the boom, this condition meant just 3-4% decline in the the value of its assets would entirely eliminate its book value. On June 9, Lehman announces 2nd quarter loss $2 billion, its first loss since acquisition of American Express co. , Lehmans management made unsuccessful overtures to a number of potential partners. They were hoping that Korean development bank would take stake in Lehman but it was not so as they put the talks on hold on September 9.That was the big blow for them which lead 45%decrease in the stock and spike in credit default swaps on the company debt. The companys hedge fund client began pull ing out, on the other hand creditors cuts credit lines. Then they suffer a loss of $3.9 billion,and at that time Moodys investor give credit ratings of and they said that Lehman would have to sell the majority stake to a strategic partner in order to avoid a rating downgrade. The main culprits were lender who ultimately lent funds to people with poor credit and a high risk of default Due to increase in interest rates 6 times the economy began to lose speed the dot com bubble burst, numerically on March 10 2000.As you can see in the graph subprime mortgage origination grew from $173 billion in 2001 to a record level of $665 billion in 2005, which represented an increase of nearly 300%. There is a clear relationship between the liquidity following September 11, 2001,ÂÂ  and subprime loan originations; lenders were clearly willing and able to provide borrowers with the necessary funds to purchase a home. Investment bank worsen the situation The increased use of the secon dary mortgage market by lenders added to the number of subprime loans lenders could originate. Instead of holding the originated mortgages on their books, lenders were able to simply sell off the mortgages in the secondary market and collect the originating fees. This freed up more capital for even more lending, which increased liquidity even more. The snowball began to build momentum. A lot of the demand for these mortgages came from the creation of assets that pooled mortgages together into a security, such as CDO. In this process, investment banks would buy the mortgages from lenders as securitisise these mortgages into bonds, which were sold to investors through CDOs. The chart below demonstrates the incredible increase in global CDOs issues in 2006. FUTURE STRATEGIES OF LEHMAN BROTHER The outlook for Lehman Brothers future seemed dim Sunday after Barclays PLC withdrew its bid to buy the beleaguered investment bank and government officials and Wall Street bankers rem ained at an impasse about a rescue plan. The withdrawal of Barclays, which along with Bank of America Corp. was considered a front-runner to buy Lehman, demonstrated how complicated negotiations over Lehmans fate had become. And, Sunday afternoon, The Wall Street Journal reported that Bank of America and Merrill Lynch Co. were involved in merger talks which would knock Bank of America out of contention as well. The Lehman talks were aimed at selling the investment bank in whole or in part. The sticking point was the potential buyers insistence that the Bush administration offer the kind of help it did in brokering the buyout of Bear Stearns Cos. last March, when the government agreed to a $29 billion loan to buyer JPMorgan Chase Co. from the Federal Reserve. But Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said the government will not help close a Lehman deal. Lehman declined to comment on the talks. If no deal were reached, it raised the specter of a bankruptcy and liquidation o f the 158-year old investment bank. Bankers and investment banking officials briefed on the talks described them as being both complicated and fluid, and that there was still hope that an agreement can be brokered or that new bidders might emerge. They spoke on condition of anonymity because talks were ongoing. There were signs that Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. might be edging closer to a bankruptcy filing, with several reports that it has hired Weil, Gotshal Manges, the law firm that handled the collapse of investment firm Drexel Burnham Lambert in 1990. Moreover, there was also an emergency trading session being held at the International Swaps and Derviatives Association to reduce risk associated with a potential Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. bankruptcy. The ISDA, which arranges trades for derivatives, said it was allowing customers to make trades and unwind positions linked to Lehman but that those trades would be voided if no filing occurs before midnight. Barclays, Britains third-largest bank, backed out of talks on Sunday after emerging during the morning as a front-runner to take over Lehmans assets, according to a person inside the U.K. bank who spoke on condition of anonymity, in keeping with company policy. The person, who had knowledge of the talks, said the decision was very unlikely to change. He said Lehman was attractive but did not meet what he described as Barclays stringent requirements. The Journal said on its Web site that after Bank of America was unable to reach a deal for Lehamn, it turned instead to a possible combination with Merrill, considered a better fit for the bank. Several private-equity firms were also believed to be interested in Lehmans assets. Bankers and officials with direct knowledge of the discussions described the talks as complicated Sunday morning. Top officials from the Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department and executives from several Wall Street banks were huddled at the New York Feds downtow n Manhattan headquarters for a third day seeking a solution to Lehmans financial crisis. Failure could prompt skittish investors to unload shares of financial companies, a contagion that might affect stock markets around the world when they reopen Monday. Asian markets will begin trading Sunday night Eastern time. Achievement : In the fifth consecutive year, Lehman brothers ranked 1 in the all American research team survey in 2007. They got rank 4* in the 2006 All Europe Research Team survey ranking. They ranked 1* in the 2006 All America Sales survey. In 2006 Annual Awards, Lehman Brothers got five deal-related awards. In 2005 Annual Awards, the firm was named U.S. Equity House of the Year and U.S. Structured Equity House of the Year, and was also recognized in association with various deal-related awards. Lehman Brothers got several top-three rankings in the 2007 Global Custodian Prime Brokerage survey. In 1999, Lehman had 19 top-ranked analysts; in 2001 that shot up to 42 star analysts, an increase of 121%. The firm now places fifth in number of ranked analysts. SOME DETAIL ANALYSIS ARE GIVEN BELOW IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT Lehman Brothers gave mortgage loans to provide a monetary support to loan applicants. It generally provided loans to following sectors:- 1.Industrial Sectors 2.Retail Sectors 3.Corporate Sectors 4.Others- Private Loans, Small Business. The maximum percentage of loans were provided for industry. In the year 2006 Lehman Brothers earned a huge profit as they started to issue ipo. They earned lots of profit in Real Estate which gives height to the global equity market and loss was due they were not able to trim the massive portfolio of ipo.and also they had high degree of leverage it was 23:1 i.e. assets to shareholder due to global financial crisis on 7 th August 2007 which hit back the stock of Lehmans brother due to ALT A loan provided to borrower due to excessive interest rates put by federal reserve bank 6 times than the usual. OPERATION INCOME AND OPERATING EXPENSE Market Up and Down (2003-2007) MARKET CAPTURE (1998-2006) Lehman Brothers held a good market share in competition to its near competitors, It captured 29% of market in investments and finance. Its nearest competitor was Bear Stearns. THANK Y OU .

Similarities and Differences Between the Conflicts in...

During the 1900’s two deadly wars were raging on, the civil war in Sierra Leone and the genocide in Rwanda. The civil war in Sierra Leone began in March 1991, while the genocide began in 1994. Combined these two wars killed upward of 1,050,000 people, and affected the lives of all the people that lived there. The conflicts in Sierra Leone and Rwanda occurred for different major reasons, but many little aspects were similar. Politics and Ethnicity were the two main conflicts, but despite the different moments rebellions and the murder of innocent people occurred in both places. Politics was the factor that caused the Sierra Leone Civil War, while ethnicity and years of oppression fueled the genocide in Rwanda. These two causes are†¦show more content†¦The young boys were already without families due to the war, and their fellow soldiers would become their new family. The leaders of the armies would convince the children that the enemy was who had killed their family, which may have influenced their decisions not to flee. Along with the recruitment of the child soldiers these wars caused the deaths of many innocent people. In Rwanda despite the â€Å"hatred† between the two groups many people were not apart of any army. Despite that fact many were still killed and children were killed too, not child soldiers, young babies and children because of who their parents were. This was the same in Sierra Leone, villages were burned and families were killed even though they had no part in the political destruction in the country. They armies would go around burning the villages and towns down, forcing people to run for their lives, and killing others. Many villages and places in these countries were burned, ransacked, and destroyed due to the conflict. The wars heavily altered both these countries political systems, economy, and development. Both these conflicts were detrimental to Sierra Leone and Rwanda, in similar ways. The murder of innocent children affects the future generations of the country. Along with the poor conditions that the young children will grow up in, they will also have to rebuild the economic and political structure. The primary origins, although they were different, caused the same lastingShow MoreRelatedAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 Pagesall communities and groups, the training of each new generation centers on divisive issues of in-group/out-group differentiations, intergroup conflict and ongoing preparation for defense and war against real and perceived enemies. 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Kingfisher Free Essays

string(106) " who drink moderately have a lower risk of premature death as compared to people who do not drink at all\." Visa Malay inducted professional management and implement different methods and theories to develop the company to globalize the company. Since then Kingfisher has gone on to become the undisputed ‘king’ in the Indian beer market. Kingfisher today has impressive spread of manufacturing facilities throughout the whole country. We will write a custom essay sample on Kingfisher or any similar topic only for you Order Now Quality and hygiene are the key elements for its marketing philosophy success. Its flagship brand ‘Kingfisher’, has achieved international recognition consistently, and has won many awards in International Beer Festivals. Kingfisher Premium Lager beer is currently available in 52 countries and leads the way amongst Indian beers in the International market. It has been ranked amongst the top 10 fastest growing brands in the I-J. Today each one of the 32,000 Beer outlets in India sells one brand or the other from United Breweries. United Breweries limited has a 48% share in the Indian beer market. S. W. O. T (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) Analysis A SOOT analysis is a structured approach to evaluating the strategic position of a business by identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It provides a simple method of synthesizing the results of the marketing audit. Strength Kingfisher is a true global Indian icon and is also known today as a premium worldwide brand. It has the strongest worldwide distribution system and is available in 52 countries worldwide. It is a worldwide known brand with sponsorship in Formulae, Indian Premier League and title sponsors of England and Wales Cricket Board’s National Championship knock out competition due to this it has excellent brand visibility. It also has huge financial backing from PUB Group. Weakness Kingfisher usually focuses on strong beer market as it is mostly favored in India but not in other countries and thus market growth is slow. Due to the current high demand and worldwide distribution system many opportunities are lost as there is less availability. Opportunity Due to the current trend of beer among the young people Kingfisher has a lot of benefit by global market expansion. The changing culture and lifestyle of Indian people has also increased the beer consumption. Threats The alcohol industry is highly taxed and has certain regulations thus has a lot of impact on Kingfisher. Advertising for alcohol has been banned in India as it is considered to be a taboo. Negative perceptions about alcoholic beverages are widely common. Kingfisher faces huge competition from international companies like Heinlein, Scrabbles and Budweiser. P. E. S. T. L. E Analysts 2 PESTLE stands for political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental. PESTLE analysis is a process, to help understand the overall market environment for a particular industry, business, product, or project. It is often a key part of strategic marketing and business planning. PESTLE allows an organization to go in depth into heir current status and weaknesses. Political factors:- Minimum drinking age The minimum drinking age in India is 21 years whereas in European countries is 18 thus minimum drinking age affects the alcohol business in an important way. People below the permitted age cannot consume alcohol even if they want to. Kingfisher beer is adversely affected in terms of sales. Banned advertisements India is a youth country thus advertising of alcohol products has been a subject of continuous debate between the government, the alcohol industry, health groups, policy makers and the public. Advertising in alcohol industry is done for brand choice and also it is a fair tool but banning advertising reduces market entry of new firms and thus also reduces awareness among the consumers about the product. Economic factors:- Taxation and Policies India has a very large youth population and strong beer is mostly favored but still growth of beer has some restrictions and complications which are in the form of taxes and policies implemented by the state governments. Taxes and policies are different from state to state and some states do not allow alcoholic products brewed and manufactured from other states. The highest taxes are mostly levied by northern states such as Attar Pradesh, Punjab, Maharajah’s and Delhi. All of this has a great impact on the sales of United Breweries and other brands but there are also many obstacles such as the government has banned the advertisements of any sorts for alcoholic products. Economic growth and per capita income With more than 60% of Indians younger than age 25 consumption of alcohol is likely to increase in the coming years. Due to continuous growth rate and growing economy people are getting richer day by day and also are their preferences as more people re drinking beers and spirits which is a very good sign for the growing alcohol industry. With the growing middle class and modern retail formats, taxation policies adopted by the state governments will act in favor of the growing beer industry in the coming future which will help united breweries and other brands in achieving their desired goals. Socio-cultural factors:- Cultural restriction India is a country with many religions and some of the religions prohibit drinking alcohol. This has a huge impact on the sales of alcohol brands. Violence through alcohol There is strong association between violence and drinking. Violent behavior is occurred in all communities it is caused mainly due to over consumption of alcohol. Alcohol abuse and violence is caused mainly due to poor parental modeling and mental stress. Drunken driving cases are some of the main causes of highway accidents. But through proper social norms and public education, violence and alcohol abuse can be tackled. Individual factors also play a very important role. Population India is the second largest country in terms of population and PUB group has a unique rand name thus people tend to consume their products. PUB group has a 48% share in the beer market that’s why it is known as the king of beer market in India. Technological factors:- Scientific studies In a recent scientific research it has been confirmed that people who drink moderately have a lower risk of premature death as compared to people who do not drink at all. You read "Kingfisher" in category "Papers" Consumption of alcohol moderately leads to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and obesity whereas people who drink in excess have a negative impact on their health. Distillery effluent treatment Compared to western countries where concentration of spent wash and its usage as an animal additive is a common practice, this process is not followed in India because Indian spent wash contains a higher level of inorganic substances which are found to produce a laxative effe ct if the consumption of feed is not monitored. Environmental factors:- Pollution A lot of water pollution is caused when the beer is made, the manufacturing of beer consists of three processes namely preparation of malt, beer worth and fermentation. These processes involve a lot of rinsing and cleaning as beer is made of barley and alt is prepared from it for brewing. The wastewater contains a lot of solids, detergents, soluble and insoluble organic materials. The wastewater is almost three times more concentrated than sewage but there are no toxic contaminants and most of the water is biodegradable. To meet the quality of discharge standards anaerobic biological treatment is done so that the organic concentration of wastewater is reduced. Legal environment:- Age factor In most European countries the age of drinking is 18 but in India where people are allowed to vote at this age are not permitted to drink. In India the alcohol consumption is allowed after 21 years but in some states it is 25. Despite the number of people who are below the ages of 25 years the beer industry has a huge potential if the current drinking age is lowered. Alcohol is considered a taboo in India as the culture and traditions are different than that of western countries. 5 Market Analysis:- The beer industry is still growing in India and it is estimated to be over 30 billion (in rupees). Overall annual consumption of beer is around 23000 million elites (fugues of 2011) the beer industry is growing at a yearly rate of 7% to 9%. The major players of beer industry are Gabrielle and United Breweries. The beer industry is likely to face more competition from foreign brands such as Scrabbles, Heinlein, Budweiser and Corona. Beer markets like USA and Europe have seen a flat growth whereas consumption in the Indian market has increased tremendously. In India beer sales have seen a rapid increase as compared to other alcoholic drinks. International beer companies like Budweiser, Scrabbles and Heinlein are well established in western countries but are still facing tough competition from Kingfisher which is the king in he beer industry of India with a 48% share. With more than 80% of market controlled by united breweries and Gabrielle, foreign brands are yet to find their feet on the ground. Kingfisher posted a profit before tax of RSI. 1475 million in the first quarter of this year ending on 30th June 2012. Strong beer continued to dominate with a growth of 23% in sales volume. Intensity of rivalry The intensity of rivalry competitors is quite moderate as in case there is quite a rise in regulatory and legal burdens, manufacturers get together so that competition between them is lowered as they have to ensure their profit. Threat of new competitors The Indian beer industry is currently growing thus it is attractive for new players but with the dominant force of United breweries and Gabrielle already established it has been very difficult for foreign brewers to expand and overthrow Kingfisher which is currently leading in beer consumption. Threat of substitute Brands like Kingfisher face further competition from substitutes like wine, vodka and whiskey, which are mostly favored in India as beer industry is still developing, it still has to get a bigger consumer base which spirits do have but due to the changing rend and growing Indian youth population beer industry best is yet to come. Suppliers bargaining power Barley which is the most important product for brewing is quite cheaper and available in plenty and other inputs used to brew are also cheaper as there is a huge number of suppliers thus suppliers have less bargaining power. 6 Customers bargaining power It has been seen that customers are more powerful when their purchases form a large portion of seller’s sales but if there are less number of players in the market people don’t look at the quality but the product and thus they have less control over rice. Classification of beer Lager Ale Stout Creamy Ale Malt Plainer Porter Age Kingfisher mild For young people Just for fun People who drink for the first time mainly for experience Kingfisher strong People who drink regularly Those who want beer to be stronger mostly favored by people 25 and above ‘THE KING OF GOOD TIMES’ As the punch line suggests Kingfisher has positioned its brand for people who want to socialize, party or have fun. 7 Customer Analysis:- The beer industry in India has a wide consumer base and people rink alcoholic beverages mostly for celebrating an event or socializing. Unlike western countries people in India are allowed to consume alcohol after the age of 21 in most states and spirits are given more preference. United breweries have a strong base in spirit and beer industries. Kingfisher is at the top of the list in consumption of beer. Consumer behavior India is a developing country with a large population of middle-class people thus people tend to consume beer occasionally. Whiskey, vodka and wine were given more preference but the beer industry is yet to reach its potential and is growing at a very cast rate. Products like Kingfisher and Harvard’s 5000 have shown excellent progress so far as they are already established in the beer industry. International brands like Budweiser, Heinlein and Scrabbles are still struggling to establish their brand among the people as they are expensive than Kingfisher and Harvard’s products, this is mainly due to taxes and regulations by the state governments which usually are hard on alcoholic companies. In a recent survey it was shown that one in three beers drunk in India were of Kingfisher’s. Consumers always prefer the cheapest product ND good value which Kingfisher effectively delivers. Recommendations:- Kingfisher is famous for its marketing and sponsorships in major sporting events and spends a lot of money on it per year. It should concentrate on innovation and development of new products which will help it increase its brand value in other western countries where there is even a larger market for its product and there are no restrictions on advertising. Retailing its beers with more number of large departmental stores. Advertising its brand ‘Kingfisher’ by entering into different industries like water, soda of which advertising is allowed. This will lead to more brand awareness. Developing innovative and new packaging for its beer. It should concentrate on innovation of a new product which has elements of a spirit and a beer. 8 Conclusion:- Kingfisher has a huge potential of expanding the beer market in India as the per capita income of the people is rising and so is the consumption. Kingfisher also has a kind of monopoly over other brands as it is already well established and sells its product at a cheaper rate than the new competitors entering the Indian beer industry. The negative perceptions about alcohol consumption have gone down and he beer industry will definitely show a lot of growth in the coming years. How to cite Kingfisher, Papers

Eugene Richards a freelance photographer Essay Example For Students

Eugene Richards a freelance photographer Essay A freelance photographer, writer and a teacher, Eugene Richards is a storyteller of the common people. Twice named U.S. magazine photographer of the year, he is often considered one of the worlds best documentary photographers for his hard hitting explorations of our society. Richards currently works with Time Life, national history and the New York Times and is the author of nine books including below the line, American we and the knife and gun club. All in which he uses a combination of photograph and elegantly written narrative to show an idiosyncratic portrait of the American people. Richards focus is that of the ignored; a people that otherwise have been forgotten. Its his compassion to his subjects and his commitment to them that surpasses the act of making a pretty picture. Spending days with his subjects in the slums of Harlem or the hardly developed mountains of West Virginia he immerses himself into the frequently bitter life of his next award-winning photo. Often including word for word text of testimonials recorded by junkies and destitute farmers, Richards is able to provide an unbiased portrayal. All he has done is to select and make us look at the faces of the ignored, opinions and reactions are left to be made by the viewer. Have you ever been at the beach safely shielded by a dark pair of sunglasses and just watched? Being a silent third party to a father screaming at his seven-year-old daughter for putting the inner tube in the wrong place. People watching has for a long time been one of my favorite activities as third party you are able to see people for what they are, unbiased by already having known the person. Eugene Richardss book has made me look at my hobby from an artistic vantagepoint. Hes made me start to think that one day I would like to be one behind a telephoto lens capturing those moments that people dont think anyone else saw. Richards photographs have made me relies that photography is more then a point a shoot process. Its about the image, its about the experience, its about the hunt, and its about looking and seeing. For the moment I my self am with out a defined higher purpose concerning my art. Im am still in the beginning stages of building a resource of knowledge and technical ability. So that one day I might be able to capture the true essence of heartache or pure joy through the lens of my own camera with the same honor and dignity as Eugene Richards.